Main gaps in the labor recognition of the Care Economy in the Durán canton of Ecuador

Abstract

Introduction: This article aims to analyze the gaps in the labor recognition of the care economy in the Duran canton, Ecuador, focusing on the invisibility of work, gender inequality, and the lack of social protection. The study seeks to propose formalization and equity strategies based on a normative review and successful regional experiences. Methodology: The research followed a mixed-methods approach (quantitative-qualitative) with a descriptive and exegetical scope. A stratified random sampling of 400 care workers in Duran was conducted using structured surveys, complemented by an analysis of the Ecuadorian Constitution and the Labor Code. Data were processed through descriptive statistics and thematic coding. Results: The findings reveal high levels of precariousness: 25% of the workers exceed 50 hours per week, and 80% earn less than the unified basic wage ($300). Regarding social security, 75% lack affiliation with the IESS. Furthermore, a deep gender gap is confirmed, with women assuming 72.7% of care tasks compared to 27.3% by men. Discussion: There is a contradiction between the rights guaranteed in the Constitution (Art. 333 and 328) and the local reality, where care devaluation and informality predominate. While regional models like the Uruguayan Care Law show that state co-responsibility is effective, critical barriers persist in Duran, such as a lack of financing and technical training. Conclusions: The care economy in Duran operates under conditions of institutional invisibility. The implementation of public policies that integrate labor formalization and access to social security is urgent. It is recommended to adapt successful models, such as the "Manzanas del Cuidado" (Care Blocks), to strengthen the monitoring of labor rights and promote an equitable redistribution of reproductive work.